What is the prognosis of kidney cancer?

In general, in patients with renal tumors under 4 cm that are treated surgically, cure rates of over 90% are achieved. If the mass is large and has spread outside the kidney, the prognosis is worse, especially if any of the following factors are present: anemia, high lactate dehydrogenase level, high blood calcium level, spread to two or more distant sites, or if the person's general condition is unfavorable.