How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
A well performed diagnosis at the right time can save your life. We have the best specialists in the unit, with pioneering treatments based on the latest research and the most innovative technology to improve your quality of life.
The diagnosis of prostate cancer is made by a series of tests:
If any abnormalities are detected in the above tests, other tests, such as the following, may be ordered to determine if you have prostate cancer:
When the biopsy confirms the existence of prostate cancer, the next step is to determine its level of aggressiveness (grade). A higher grade indicates a more aggressive cancer that is more likely to metastasize or spread rapidly. In order to determine the aggressiveness of the tumor, techniques used include:
In addition to these tests, diagnostic tests that facilitate the detection of prostate cancer before the onset of symptoms are also available today: pro-PSA, 4kallikreins, PCA-3, MDX and others.
Once the diagnosis has been confirmed, if there is suspicion that the cancer may have spread beyond the prostate, imaging tests such as abdominal CT and bone scan may be recommended to rule out the presence of lymph node involvement, organ involvement and bone metastasis.
Robotic surgery is recommended in a variety of situations where its advantages can significantly improve patient outcomes compared to traditional open or laparoscopic surgery. It is considered especially beneficial in complex procedures where high precision and surgical dexterity are required in confined spaces, in patients with comorbidities and/or when urinary or erectile function is sought to be preserved.
It is normal to bleed after a prostate biopsy for one to two weeks, depending on the type of bleeding. There may be blood in the urine, stool and/or semen.
At the age of 50 it is advisable to have a PSA, a blood test to measure the Prostate Specific Antigen that helps to detect possible abnormalities in the prostate. If you have a family history of breast or prostate cancer, it is recommended to start screening at around 45 years of age due to the increased risk associated with prostate cancer.
It is sufficient to perform PSA and a digital rectal examination -especially if the PSA is higher than 2.5-. On some occasions ultrasound, flowmetry or even genetic tests can be performed to study different aspects of the prostate.
Salvage lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy and positive choline positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan