Prostate Cancer

The most commonly diagnosed cancer in males.
Prostate cancer is a very common pathology that affects up to 25% of men over 50 years of age and 80% of men over 80 years of age.
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Description Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the prostate. The prostate is a gland of the male reproductive system whose function is to make a fluid that is part of semen. The prostate is located below the bladder and surrounds part of the urethra. It is about the size of a walnut.

The incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis varies greatly between different geographical areas, and this may be related to ethnic factors, aging of the population, as the incidence is mainly age-dependent, and the routine use of PSA for prostate cancer screening.

Family and ethnic background are associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the disease. Hereditary prostate cancer is associated with an earlier disease onset of six to seven years, but disease aggressiveness and clinical course do not appear to differ.

Types of prostate cancer by stage or staging

Depending on whether or not the tumor is located within the prostate and the presence of metastases, prostate cancer can be classified into different stages. This classification is important because, depending on the evolution of the tumor, different treatments can be applied:

  • Localized prostate cancer. This is the type of tumor that is within the prostate and has not invaded lymph nodes or produced metastasis. It is curable in a large proportion, and the most indicated treatments in this situation are surgery (radical prostatectomy, external radiotherapy, focal treatment or active surveillance). Therefore, the prognosis is very good.
  • Locally advanced prostate cancer. This is a prostate tumor that has "come out" of the prostate or has affected neighboring lymph nodes, but has not metastasized. It is still a curable tumor, but we must apply surgery (prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy) or radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Focal treatment is not indicated. The prognosis is intermediate, but it is a curable tumor.
  • Prostate cancer with metastasis. When the tumor metastasizes to other organs or to the bones, prostate cancer is not considered curable. Systemic treatment (hormone therapy or systemic chemotherapy) will be necessary. More and more treatments are becoming available that make it possible to contain the disease for very long periods of time.

prostate-cancer-phases

Complications

Prostate cancer and some of its treatments may be associated with various complications:

  • Urinary incontinence. When a radical prostatectomy is performed, urinary incontinence or involuntary urine loss can sometimes occur. To prevent this from occurring, it is advisable to perform rehabilitation exercises prior to surgery and to resume them early after the operation. In the event of urinary incontinence after surgery, it should be treated in stages, with rehabilitation, suburethral mesh implantation or even artificial urinary sphincter implantation.
  • Erectile dysfunction or impotence. Erectile function can be affected by the treatment used for prostate cancer, whether it is surgery, radiation or hormonal therapies. To treat erectile dysfunction there are a multitude of therapeutic options, from medications, to vacuum devices that help achieve erection, to penile prosthesis implant surgeries.

They ask us
in the Consultation

At what age is it necessary to have a prostate check-up?

At the age of 50 it is advisable to have a PSA, a blood test to measure the Prostate Specific Antigen that helps to detect possible abnormalities in the prostate. If you have a family history of breast or prostate cancer, it is recommended to start screening at around 45 years of age due to the increased risk associated with prostate cancer.

How is a prostate checkup performed?

It is sufficient to perform PSA and a digital rectal examination -especially if the PSA is higher than 2.5-. On some occasions ultrasound, flowmetry or even genetic tests can be performed to study different aspects of the prostate.

I have localized prostate cancer, what are my options? Can I be cured?

It is normal to be frightened, but we have many options for a cure. Localized prostate cancer refers to cancer that is confined to the prostate gland only, with no evidence of spread to other parts of the body. This stage offers several treatment options with a high likelihood of cure. Depending on the characteristics of the tumor, we can consider focal treatment, prostatectomy or radiotherapy. It is important to carefully weigh the pros and cons of each of the treatments and to carry out a personalized therapy. Most men with early diagnosis and adequate treatment can expect a complete cure.

What are the possible sequelae of prostate surgery?

The most common are erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. It is especially important for the surgeon to be very experienced in order to respect the nerves that give erection, since this has been related to better erection and better continence. The appearance and duration of these sequelae depend on factors such as the type of surgery performed, the technique used and the individual characteristics of each patient. It is essential to follow medical indications and attend follow-up consultations to ensure optimal recovery.

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Team
of the Prostate Cancer Unit

Dr. Javier Romero-Otero

Dr. Javier Romero-Otero

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Dr. Karim Touijer

Dr. Karim Touijer

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Dr. Juan Justo Quintas

Dr. Juan Justo Quintas

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Dr. Vital Hevia Palacios

Dr. Vital Hevia Palacios

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Dr. Fernando Lista Mateos

Dr. Fernando Lista Mateos

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Dr. Ricardo Brime-Menéndez

Dr. Ricardo Brime-Menéndez

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Dr. Esther García Rojo

Dr. Esther García Rojo

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Dr. Felix Guerrero-Ramos

Dr. Felix Guerrero-Ramos

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Dr. Alfredo Rodríguez-Antolín

Dr. Alfredo Rodríguez-Antolín

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Dr. Mario Domínguez Esteban

Dr. Mario Domínguez Esteban

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Dr. Javier Feltes-Ochoa

Dr. Javier Feltes-Ochoa

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Dr. Gino Marcelo Espinales Castro

Dr. Gino Marcelo Espinales Castro

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Dr. Silvia García Barreras

Dr. Silvia García Barreras

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Dr. Renan Otta Oshiro

Dr. Renan Otta Oshiro

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Dr. Cristina Calzas Montalvo

Dr. Cristina Calzas Montalvo

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News
of ROC Clinic on Prostate Cancer

Research

Salvage lymph node dissection in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy and positive choline positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan

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of Roc Clinic
Dr. Romero
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