Premature ejaculation

Difficulty controlling ejaculation can affect well-being and sexual satisfaction.

Premature ejaculation is a sexual dysfunction characterized by difficulty controlling or delaying ejaculation, usually associated with a short duration of intercourse. It may be present from the beginning of sexual activity or appear later and can cause worry, anxiety, and dissatisfaction, both personally and within the couple's relationship.

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What is it?

Premature ejaculation occurs when a man ejaculates sooner than desired, either by himself or his partner, during sexual intercourse. It's a sexual problem that affects many men: up to 30% of men have experienced a short intercourse time at some point in their lives. While this doesn't necessarily qualify as premature ejaculation, it does indicate how common problems related to sexual control can be.

The definition of premature ejaculation is controversial and has changed over time. Different scientific societies have different diagnostic criteria, although the three currently accepted criteria are:

  1. Intercourse time less than 1 minute. Some scientific societies recommend different intercourse times, with a maximum of 2 minutes.
  2. Loss of control over the moment we reach orgasm.
  3. The two criteria above should produce personal and interpersonal difficulties in our relationships.

There are some cultural factors that can affect the number of men with premature ejaculation, such as ethnicity or cultural background. It is also generally accepted that premature ejaculation tends to decrease slightly throughout a man's life.

Types of premature ejaculation

There are 4 types of premature ejaculation:

  • Primary premature ejaculation. This occurs from the beginning of sexual intercourse. It is usually associated with short intercourse times, around or less than 1 minute. The cause of this problem is usually neurobiological and, therefore, genetic.
  • Secondary premature ejaculation. It appears at some point in life, after years or decades of normal sexual control during intercourse. The main causes of secondary premature ejaculation are urinary problems (urinary tract infections, prostate problems), thyroid problems, and also life changes or stressful situations (work problems, a new sexual partner, depression-anxiety syndrome).
  • Natural variable premature ejaculation. This is a variant of normality in which the man alternates between sexual intercourse of normal duration and control and other episodes in which the time and duration of intercourse are low according to his own judgment.
  • Premature pseudo-ejaculation. It is generally considered a problem of expectation management, since it involves men who, despite having a normal - and often long - intercourse time, believe they have premature ejaculation.

Discovery

Premature ejaculation can be caused by both psychological and biological factors, and its diagnosis is self-reported, meaning it is performed by the patient. The intravaginal coital latency time (IELT) is commonly used, along with a questionnaire such as the PEDT (Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool).

In cases of secondary premature ejaculation, it is advisable to perform a study to rule out urinary problems (urine culture, urinalysis, PSA and free PSA) and thyroid problems (TSH, T3 and T4).

These questionnaires explore three areas. The first is the duration of intercourse. Next, they analyze the loss of control over the timing of orgasm. Finally, they determine whether the two previous factors have an impact on sexual relations and interpersonal relationships.

Solutions

Premature ejaculation can be treated with medication, psychological counseling, sexual techniques that delay ejaculation, pelvic floor strengthening, or a combination of these elements:

  • Medication: It can be administered for primary premature ejaculation. There are two types of pharmacological strategies to treat premature ejaculation. First, there are topical treatments applied as a spray. Second, in selected cases, oral medications are available.
  • Anxiety control: This involves learning to accept increasing doses of erotic stimulation through breathing exercises and also with cognitive mechanisms.
  • Pelvic floor rehabilitation: Strengthening the pelvic floor has proven useful in the treatment of premature ejaculation, increasing intercourse time by 3. It is usually performed daily, carrying out exercises to enhance muscle tone.
  • Sex therapy: This is the fundamental treatment for premature ejaculation. It consists of learning how the sexual response works in order to gain control over it. In this sense, it is important to distinguish between two concepts: the orgasmic point of no return and the stop-stop exercise. The orgasmic point of no return is the moment that, once passed, triggers the orgasm-ejaculation complex. Identifying it is essential for applying the stop-stop exercise. At the point of no return, a stop is applied by contracting the pelvic floor muscles, inhibiting the orgasm-ejaculation process, and sexual activity is resumed after arousal decreases. This exercise, performed repeatedly, helps to "re-educate" the sexual response and prolong orgasm.

Premature ejaculation produces three symptoms, although the first of these is the one that essentially defines the disease:

  • The first symptom is a lack of control over the timing of orgasm.This is usually associated with a short intercourse time. It tends to occur in most sexual relationships, although many men explain that in some situations or with some practices they are able to gain more control than with others. This lack of control leads to performance anxiety. performance anxiety It is a negative feeling accompanied by an organic response (increased catecholamines, increased cortisol, tachycardia), which can further aggravate premature ejaculation.
  •  Secondly, it is common for many men with premature ejaculation to present psychological erectile dysfunction. The mechanism behind this is performance anxiety, which shifts the focus from the erotic to the worry and negative feelings that accompany performance anxiety. In any case, the effect is a worsening of sexual control and, in many cases, the development of erectile problems. Furthermore, premature ejaculation can lead to sexual problems in a couple's relationshipand also difficulties in meeting potential sexual partners. Therefore, some men develop performance anxiety and a certain avoidance of sexual relations, reasons that can lead to erectile problems.
  • Finally, in very advanced cases, when anxiety becomes generalized, it is even possible that behaviors may develop in which The man avoids sexual relations with his partner or approaching people he believes may have a sexual interest in him and decrease your sex drive due to anxiety and "fear of failure".

The causes of premature ejaculation depend primarily on the type of premature ejaculation:

  • Genetic causes. Men with primary premature ejaculation appear to have a congenital predisposition to a short intercourse time. This condition is related to the serotonin receptor subtype that regulates the sexual response, suggesting a possible genetic cause. This makes its treatment more complex and its prognosis worse than that of other forms of premature ejaculation. A learning deficit component has also been hypothesized, particularly in the context of restrictive upbringing and masturbatory habits that prioritize rapid ejaculation due to fear of being discovered.
  • Prostate problems. Men with prostate problems have an increased risk of ejaculatory problems such as premature ejaculation, anorgasmia, painful orgasm, and hemospermia. All of these may contribute to impaired sexual control and an increased likelihood of premature ejaculation.
  • Erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction affects 50% of men by age 50. One of the first symptoms of this condition is the inability to maintain a penile rigidity for a sufficient amount of time. This leads some men to mistake erectile dysfunction for premature ejaculation, when the main problem is impotence.
  • Changes in lifestyle. Certain changes in a man's life can produce performance stress or anxiety, such as job changes, family stressors, or a new romantic relationship.
  • Other. As for natural variable premature ejaculation and pseudo-premature ejaculation, these are considered normal variations and are usually resolved satisfactorily with a series of general sexual education measures and advice on how to delay the moment of orgasm.

The main complaint men have is their inability to control the timing of orgasm, often associated with short intercourse times. Men frequently report a range of negative personal and interpersonal consequences that arise from this inability to delay orgasm.

In the medical history it is essential to explore the three axes that define premature ejaculation: short intercourse time, lack of control over the time of orgasm and negative interpersonal consequences.

To define these parameters and as a measure of the problem—which will later help us evaluate the treatment—we recommend using the IELT (Intravaginal Coital Latency Time) and PEDT (Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool) parameters. In addition, it is advisable to use a questionnaire to assess erectile function, such as the SHIM or the EHS. This way, we can also rule out erectile dysfunction as the cause of the problem.

Since many men experience repercussions not only on their intercourse time but also on their sexuality, it is useful to use IIEF question 12, "How is your level of sexual desire?", to determine if premature ejaculation is having an impact on the amount of sexual intercourse.

In men over 40, it is highly recommended to use the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), a validated questionnaire that measures the presence and severity of urinary symptoms, to rule out a urinary cause. If secondary premature ejaculation is suspected, further evaluation is recommended, including blood tests (complete blood count, blood chemistry, PSA and free PSA, thyroid profile, urinalysis, and urine culture).

The strategy outlined above allows us to define the presence of premature ejaculation, its severity, its cause, and its consequences on the sexual sphere.

If, in addition to premature ejaculation, the patient has difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection, the doctor may order blood tests to check your levels of male hormone (testosterone) and other tests.

The treatment of primary premature ejaculation is usually more complex given its neurobiological component, and requires a high level of involvement from the man, the health professional, and often the patient's partner.

In this case, the cornerstone of treatment is pharmacological treatment, either topical or oral, accompanied by sexual therapy, pelvic floor rehabilitation, and control of anxiety and arousal.

In the case of secondary premature ejaculation, treatment will be more effective the more treatable the underlying cause. Addressing urinary problems, erectile dysfunction, or providing support during a stressful life period is often sufficient to improve mild cases. In more advanced cases, multimodal treatment will be necessary, combining sex therapy, pelvic floor rehabilitation, anxiety and arousal management, and occasional medication.

Regarding the different treatments, it's important to highlight that multimodal treatment will achieve better results compared to simpler strategies. We will need to adapt the treatments to the needs and desires of the patient and their partner, as well as their sex life.

Regarding the available treatments, we will discuss them below:

  • Pelvic floor rehabilitation. The link between pelvic floor problems and sexual dysfunction has been demonstrated. Strengthening and rehabilitating the pelvic floor will give men greater sexual control and a better ability to inhibit sexual response. Treatment involves teaching the anterior pelvic floor muscles (to stop the flow of urine) and the posterior pelvic floor muscles (to contract the anal muscles). Both exercises must be repeated several times a day for several weeks to be effective. To optimize learning, biofeedback is used, in which a healthcare professional—usually a physiotherapist—teaches the patient how to perform the contraction using a device that measures its effectiveness.
  • Medication. There are two main medications that can help treat premature ejaculation. The first is Fortacin. Fortacin is a spray applied to the penis, a eutectic mixture of prilocaine and lidocaine, which reduces penile sensitivity and therefore delays orgasm. It triples the duration of intercourse after three months, increasing its effectiveness to six times after six months of treatment. It is effective in both circumcised and uncircumcised men. It should be applied five minutes before intercourse and left to take effect, then washed off before sex or used as a barrier method to prevent transfer. The second medication is dapoxetine. Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that inhibits and delays orgasm. It is taken as needed, approximately one hour before sexual activity. It has few side effects and is particularly effective in men with primary premature ejaculation. It is available in 30 mg and 60 mg doses, and it is recommended to start treatment with the lower dose and adjust it if necessary. The use of erectile dysfunction medications (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil) to increase the duration of intercourse deserves further comment. Although these medications improve erections, there is abundant scientific literature supporting their use for increasing the duration of intercourse.
  • Control of anxiety and arousal. Aimed at reducing adrenergic tone and negative thoughts, as well as accustoming men to increasingly higher levels of eroticism, this treatment has cognitive, emotional, and physical components and is typically considered part of sex therapy. For example, it reduces anxiety through the triangular breathing technique, in which men are taught to manage anxiety through slow, deep breathing.
  • Start and stop. This is undoubtedly the foundation of the treatment, and it consists of understanding and controlling the sexual response. Identifying the orgasmic point of no return is crucial; beyond this point, we cannot prevent orgasm and ejaculation. Once this point is identified, we teach how to inhibit orgasm through pelvic floor contraction. Repeating this exercise leads to what is known as the "exhaustion reflex phenomenon," which allows for longer sexual intercourse and "re-educates" the sexual response. It is a highly effective treatment, but it requires significant commitment from the patient.

In our experience, the best treatment is multimodal , combining different strategies into a unified approach. Success depends largely on the man's commitment to treatment and the involvement of the healthcare team needed to support him (urologist, psychologist, physiotherapist).

Finally, a brief mention should be made of surgical treatments . There is much debate about their effectiveness. Postectomy—also called circumcision—has been proposed as a treatment for premature ejaculation, although its efficacy has not been sufficiently demonstrated. Other treatments, such as dorsal nerve ablation of the penis, are considered experimental. Recently, radiofrequency neuromodulation has shown promising results.

FAQ

No. A man with premature ejaculation has the problem for months or years.
Of course. The same principles we apply to the treatment of premature ejaculation can be used to teach you to have greater sexual control.
Premature ejaculation is defined as intercourse lasting less than 2 minutes. In Europe, studies suggest that the average intercourse time is around 5 minutes.
Yes. Pelvic floor rehabilitation can help you have greater sexual control.
Approximately 85% of men experience improvement. In our experience, this depends on the level of control at the start of treatment and the patient's commitment.
In some situations, there are surgical procedures that can improve the duration of intercourse, although it is necessary to know the pros and cons.
Yes. Premature ejaculation can create an awkward situation with our partners and lead to negative feelings in ourselves. This can cause anxiety that undermines our erection and blocks our desire.

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We treat our patients at the ROC Chamberí clinic and in the HM Hospitals network of centers in Madrid: Sanchinarro, Montepríncipe, Madrid Río, Rivas, Puerta del Sur, Nuevo Belén, Policlínico HM Moraleja and Nuevo Norte. 

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